北京八达岭野生动物园导游词

详细内容

北京(beijing)，简称京，中华人民共和国首都、直辖市、国家中心城市、超大城市，全国政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心、科技创新中心，是中国共产党中央委员会、中华人民共和国中央人民政府和全国人民代表大会的办公所在地。下面是第一范文网带来的北京英文的导游词，欢迎欣赏。

北京英文导游词一：

ladiesandgentlemen:

weletothegreatwall.startingoutintheeastonthebanksoftheyaleriverinleaningprovince,thewallstretcheswestwardsfor12,700kilometerstojiayuguaninthegobidesert,thusknownasthetenthousandliwallinchina.thewallclimbsupanddown,twistsandturnsalongtheridgesoftheyanshanandyinshanmountainchainsthroughfiveprovinces——liaoning,hebei,shanxi,shaanxi,andgansuandtwoautonomousregions——ningxiaandinnermongolia,bindingthenorthernchinatogether.

historicalrecordstracetheconstructionoftheoriginofthewalltodefensivefortificationbacktotheyear656b.c.duringthereignofkingchengofthestatesofchu.itsconstructioncontinuedthroughoutthewarringstatesperiodinthefifthcenturyb.c.walls,then,wasbuiltseparatelybytheseducalstatestowardoffsuchharassments.laterin221b.c.themostextensivereinforcementsandrenovationswerecarriedoutinthemingdynasty(1368——1644)whenaltogether18lengthystretcheswerereinforcedwithbricksandrocks.itismostlythemingdynastywallthatvisitorsseetoday.

thegreatwallisdividedintotwosections,theeastandwest,withshanxiprovinceasthedividingline.thewestpartisarammedearthconstruction,about5.3metershighonaverage.intheeasternpart,thecoreofthewallisrammedearthaswell,buttheoutershellisreinforcedwithbricksandrocks.themostimposingandbestpreservedsectionsofthegreatwallareatbadalingandmutianyu,notfarfrombeijingandbothareopentovisitors.

thewallofthosesectionsis7.8metershighand6.5meterswideatitsbase,narrowingto5.8metersontheramparts,wideenoughforfivehorsestogallopabreast.two-storiedwatch-towersarebuiltatapproximately400-metersinternals.thetopstoriesofthewatch-towerweredesignedforobservingenemymovements,whilethefirstwasusedforstoringgrain,fodder,militaryequipmentandgunpowderaswellasforquarteringgarrisonsoldiers.thehighestwatch-toweratbadalingstandingonahill-top,isreachedonlyafterasteepclimb,like"climbingaladdertoheaven".

therestand14majorpasses(guan,inchinese)atplacesofstrategicimportancealongthegreatwall,themostimportantbeingshanghaiguanandjiayuguan.yetthemostimpressiveoneisjuyongguan,about50kilometersnorthwestofbeijing.

knownas"tianxiadiyiguan"(thefirstpaunderheaven),shanghaiguanpaissituatedbetweentwosheercliffsforminganeckconnectingnorthchinawiththenortheast.ithadbeen,therefore,akeyjunctioncontestedbyallstrategistsandmanyfamousbattleswerefoughthere.itwasthegateofshanghaiguanthattheminggeneralwusanguiopenedtothemanchuarmytosupprethepeasantrebellionledbylizichengandsosurrenderedthewholemingempiretothemanchus,leadingtothefoundationoftheqingdynasty.(1644-1911)

asaculturalheritage,thewallbelongsnotonlytochinabuttotheworld.thevenicechartersays:"historicalandculturalarchitecturenotonlyincludestheindividualarchitecturalworks,butalsotheurbanorruralenvironmentthatwitnessedcertaincivilizations,significantsocialdevelopmentsorhistoricalevents."thegreatwallisthelargestofsuchhistoricalandculturalarchitecture,andthatiswhyitcontinuestobesoattractivetopeopleallovertheworld.in1987,thewallwaslistedbyunescoasaworldculturalheritagesite.

北京英文导游词二：

tian'anmen(thegateofheavenlypeace)，islocatedinthecenterofbeijing.itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedchengtianmen(thegateofheavenlysuession)。attheendofthemingdynasty，itwasseriouslydamagedbywar.whenitwasrebuiltundertheqingin1651，itwasrenamedtian'anmen，andservedasthemainentrancetotheimperialcity，theadministrativeandresidentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.thesouthernsectionsoftheimperialcitywallstillstandonbothsidesofthegate.

thetoweratthetopofthegateisnine-roomwideandfive–roomdeep.aordingtothebookofchanges，thetwonumbersnineandfive，whenbined，symbolizethesupremestatusofasovereign.duringthemingandqingdynasties，tian'anmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts，whichfollowedthesesteps：1)theministerofriteswouldreceivetheedictintaihedian(hallofsupremeharmony)，wheretheemperorwasholdinghiscourt.theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud)，andwithdrawfromthehallviataihemen(gateofsupremeharmony)2)theministerwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion)。beneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviawumen(meridiangate)，totian'anmengatetower.3)acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.3)thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxandloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.thedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheministryofrites.4)theedict，copiedonyellowpaper，wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas"imperialedictissuedbygoldenphoenix".duringthemingandqingdynastiestian'anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.itwasthisgatethattheemperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.onthewestsideoftian'anmenstandszhongshanpark(dr.sunyat-sen'spark)，andontheeastside，theworkingpeople'sculturalpalace.theparkwasformerlycalledshejitan(altaroflandandgrain)，builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstothegodofland.itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneerofthechinesedemocraticrevolution.theworkingpeople'sculturalpalaceusedtobetaimiao(thesupremeancestraltemple)，wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.thestreaminfrontoftian'anmeniscalledwaijinshuihe(outergoldenriver)，withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.ofthesesevenbridges，historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaordinglycalledyuluqiao(imperialbridge)。

thebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledwanggongqiao(royal'sbridges)。fartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedpinjiqiao(ministerialbridges)。theremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwerecalledgongshengqiao(monbridges)。theyaretheoneinfrontofthesupremeancestraltempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontofthealtaroflandandgraintothewest.thetwostonelionsbythegateoftian'anmen，oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.theygazetowardthemiddleaxis，guardingtheemperor'swalkway.infrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledhuabiao.theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.thestoryofhuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.oneoftheversionsareditsitsinventiontooneofthechinesesagekingsnamedyao，whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoexposeevil-doers，henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.lateritwasreducedtoasignpost，andnowitservesasanornament.thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalled"hou"，alegendaryanimal，whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperor'sbehaviour.hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheirplaintsorreturninduetime.therefore，thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenames"wangjunhui"(expectingtheemperor'singback)and"wangjunchu"(expectingtheemperor'sgoingout)respectively。

北京英文导游词三：

iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.

thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthepurpleforbiddencity.itisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinchinatoday.undermingemperoryongle,constructionbeganin1406.ittook14yearstobuildtheforbiddencity.thefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingemperorzhudi.forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23suessiveemperorsuntil1911whenqingemperorpuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.in1987,theunitednationseducational,scientificandculturalanizationrecognizedtheforbiddencitywasaworldculturallegacy.

itisbelievedthatthepalacemuseum,orzijincheng(purpleforbiddencity),gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,theancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiyuan(northstar).theconstellationcontainingthenorthstarwascalledtheconstellationofheavenlygodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,laozi,tothehanghupass.here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.thewordjin(forbidden)isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.

theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.yellowisthecoloroftheearthontheloessplateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.yellowbecameanimperialcolorduringthetangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.

theforbiddencityisrectangularinshape.itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.a52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhichenclosestheplex.octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.therearefourentrancesintothecity:themeridiangatetothesouth,theshenwugate(gateofmilitaryprowess)tothenorth,andthexihuagate(gateofmilitaryprowess)tothenorth,andthexihuagate(westernflowerygate)tothewest,thedonghua(easternflowerygate)totheeast.

manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheforbiddencity.atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.marblewasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountpaninjixiancountyinhebeiprovince.granitewasquarriedinquyangcountyinhebeiprovince.pavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinsuzhouinsouthernchina.bricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginshandongprovince.timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.

thestructureinfrontofusisthemeridiangate.itisthemainentrancetotheforbiddencity.itisalsoknowsaswufenglou(five-phoenixtower).mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.

qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.qingemperorqianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoon)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotheremperor`sname,hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheemperorpresidedovertheceremonytoaeptprisonersofwar.

(afterenteringthemeridiangateandstandinginfrontofthefivemarblebridgesongoldenwaterriver)

nowweareinsidetheforbiddencity.beforewestartourtour,iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbefourus.topletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth-southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelihathasbeeaninseparablepartofthecityofbeijing.theforbiddencitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentralaxis.mostoftheimportantbuildingintheforbiddencitywereearrangedalongthisline.thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem.

theforbiddencityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.infrontofusliesthegateofsupremeharmony.thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.theotheroneisafemale.underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuession.thewindingbrookbeforeusisthegoldenwaterriver.itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.thefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyconfucius:benevolence,righteousness,rites,intellenceandfidelity.therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.thiswasmeanttoshowthattheemperorsruledthecountryonbehalfofgod.