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晨读文章

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篇一:《励志信合集(适合晨读)》

第一封励志信-今天,我要精心塑造自己

今天,我开始新的生活。

今天,我找到了自己。

今天,我的梦想之剑,指向星空。

我的道路,由成功者的励志信指引。我的未来,一定是流星花园里的美好,我对社会的贡献,无人能比!今天,我要精心塑造自己。好习惯唤醒成功和喜悦,坏习惯滋生失败和悔恨。今天,我用好习惯要求自己。我要让好习惯,成为驯服的警犬、忠诚的奴仆。今天,我要精心塑造自己。从今天起,我要控制习惯,我绝不放纵坏习惯。从今天起,开始铸造自信,使自信成为我的本能。从今天起,我要用品学兼优,去生成我的态度;我要让追求梦想,铸造我的性格。从今天起,我开始新的生活。从今天起,我找到了自己。从今天起,我的梦想之

剑,指向星空。

(誓言)

我坚信,我是最棒的!我坚信,我的未来,一定是流星花园里的美好;我对社会的贡献,无人能比。今天,我要精心塑造自己!今天,我的

梦想之剑,指向星空。

第二封励志信--天道酬勤百遍奇迹

冰冻三尺非一日之寒,滴水石穿非一日之功,任何技艺,任何技能,基础最重要。实力源于基础扎实,成功来自反复训练。天道酬勤,百遍创奇迹。

我的未来,我铭记,我的脚步,我加紧。既然选择了远方,我便只顾风雨兼程。天道酬勤,百遍创奇迹。

初学游泳,先练一百遍水上呼吸,初学滑冰,努力滑上一百圈;练习书法,每天练一百个字;学习钢琴,每天弹一百遍指法。

奇迹产生了。还不到一百遍,我的能力在快速地增长;还不到一百遍,我的水平就出奇的高。游泳不再担心呛水,滑冰不再害怕摔跤;手下的字有形有神,琴中的曲有情有调。

专注,让我产生了兴趣;训练,使我增加了自信。

天道酬勤,百遍创奇迹。

武林神功,依赖于日夜的刻苦;学习兴趣,产生于反复的练习。自信源于基础扎实,坚强来自艰苦训练。

勤学习,有方法。基础题,多练习;错题本,要备齐。题海中游泳,我不会溺水;理解后练习,我不会盲目,总结训练提高,百遍练习创奇迹。

操千曲后晓声,观千剑后知器;绳锯木断,水滴石穿;读书百遍,其义自现。

生活的充实,在反复中体现;前进的自信,在重复中铸造;学习的兴趣,在百遍后产生。

基础训练,储备力量,天道酬勤,终将成功!

(誓词)

我坚信:

基础训练,储备力量;天道酬勤,百遍奇迹!天道酬勤,终将成功!

第三封励志信-树之歌

我只有一个姿态,站着。

从春到夏,从夏到秋,从秋到冬。

从小树苗我就挺起胸膛;长大后,头顶天空。

我可以被摧毁,但不可以被打败。

狂风吹来,我的刚强让风在颤抖。

暴雨袭来,我的气势使雨低下头。

没有树树相邻,难有交响乐章;

没有林林相顾,难有雨水长驻。

我站在该站的位置,弹拨着生命的乐章。

我与天琴瑟相和,与万物同气而歌。

我站在我的一方地,

顺天地意,为大家利,永把和谐传递。

树之魂在奉献。

我更愿意像茶一样,

把苦涩留给自己,散发出的都是清香。

当你来到我的脚下,我愿为你纳凉;

当你感觉饥渴,我为你送几个甜甜的果,

如果你没有住所,我就为你搭个暖暖的窝;

如果你做篱笆,请用刀砍些枝丫;

如果你要盖大厦,可用大斧砍我,用电锯锯我。

我不会害怕、我不躲藏,我躺下了--也要做栋梁。

第四封励志信――我的三条教养证据

教养是人生的真道理,有教养使人更有魅力,人人都想使自己接受教育,努力学习,让文化和品德充实自己。

教养需要发自内心的做,没有必须家庭显赫,教养需要教育,但不是一定要很高的学历,如果你认为自己有教养,守规矩,能自律,请出示证据。

我的第一条教养证据:是我懂得敬重。

对优秀品质,我能敬重,努力自律。我敬重自强不息,因为这是生命之本,我敬重忠诚不悔,因为这是立身之源。我敬重诚实守信,因为这是品质之根。

我敬重勇担责任,因为对责任的承担,会赋予我地位和使命。我敬重崇尚科学,因为对科学的尊重,会给予我财富和信心。我的第二条教养证据:是我懂得敬畏。

我知道什么是错对,不至于犯罪,我敬畏大自然,是因为亿万年铸成的自然法则。自然法则,自有一格,顺之则生,逆之则坑。植物无言,破坏有劫;动物不犯,杀戮降灾难。

我敬畏法律,因为它是规范社会行为的最高法则。法律面前人人平等,违法必究,执法必严。违法乱纪日日难堪,遵法守纪天天平安。我的第三条教养证据:是我懂得敬仰。

我懂得敬仰,敬仰天地的力量。高山大海,显示了天地纵横万里的气概;日月星光,凝聚了天地日日付出的荣光。

世界上有阳光,阳光下有正义。我害怕正义的惩罚,无畏邪恶的到来。我仰视天地、坚守正义。我坚信:做人自有天道,善有善报,恶有恶报。

第五封励志信―今天是个好日子

今天是一个好日子,

可是,对于庸人来说,今天却是个无比平庸的日子。平庸里流行着叹息和谎言;平庸里充斥了愤怒和懒散;平庸里沉积了退缩和抱怨。

而我不同:我倍加珍惜今天这个好日子。我相信,每一天都会有机会的到来,每一天都会有友爱,每一天都会有快乐存在。机会的到来,是因为我没有投机取巧;友谊的到来,是因为我没有斤斤计较;快乐的到来,是因为我没有自寻烦恼。

不仅如此,我还要让好日子好上加好――

我要让全世界,都能感受到我的真爱、我的不可替代,我的值得信赖。我敞开豁达的胸怀,我绽放笑容的纯真。于是,他们的平庸,被织成了好日子的五彩缤纷。

今天是个好日子。

可是,今天对于弱者来说,却是个惊雷降临的日子。惊雷带来了沮丧,最后惊雷带来了痛苦和绝望。而我不同,我坦然淡定、坚强自信。

考试可能落榜,但我的思想依然闪光;

篇二:《经典晨读美文》

经典英语美语100篇(新东方英语)

第一篇

Youth

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing'sheartthelureofwonders,theunfailingappetiteforwhat'snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheart,thereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,courageandpowerfrommanandfromtheinfinite,solongasyouareyoung.

Whenyouraerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyou'vegrownold,evenat20;butaslongasyouraerialsareup,tocatchwavesofoptimism,there'shopeyoumaydieyoungat80.

青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春气贯长虹,勇锐盖过怯弱,进去压倒苟安,如此锐气,二十后生有之,六旬男子则更多见。年年有加,并非垂老;理想丢弃,方堕暮年。

岁月悠悠,衰微只及肌肤;热忱抛却,颓唐必至灵魂。烦忧、惶恐、丧失自信,定使心灵扭曲,意气如灰。

无论年届花甲,抑或二八芳龄,心中皆有生命之欢乐,奇迹之诱惑,孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一台天线,只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号,你就青春永驻,风华常存。

一旦天线倒塌,锐气被冰雪覆盖,玩世不恭、自暴自弃油然而生,几十年方二十,实已垂老矣;然则只要竖起天线,捕捉乐观的信号,你就有望在八十高龄告别尘寰时仍觉得年轻。

第二篇

Allofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear,sometimesasshortas24hours.Butalwayswewereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedherochosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Ispeak,ofcourse,offreemenwhohaveachoice,notcondemnedcriminalswhosesphereofactivitiesisstrictlydelimited.

Suchstoriessetusthinking,wonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,whatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?Whathappinessshouldwefindinreviewingthepast,whatregrets?

SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldemphasizesharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithagentleness,avigor,andakeennessofappreciationwhichareoftenlostwhentimestretchesbeforeusintheconstantpanoramaofmoredaysandmonthsandyearstoe.There

arethose,ofcourse,whowouldadopttheEpicureanmottoof“Eat,drink,andbemerry,“butmostpeoplewouldbechastenedbythecertaintyofimpendingdeath.

Instoriesthedoomedheroisusuallysavedatthelastminutebysomestrokeoffortune,butalmostalwayshissenseofvaluesischanged.hebeesmoreappreciativeofthemeaningoflifeanditspermanentspiritualvalues.Ithasoftenbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.

Mostofus,however,takelifefranted.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.

Thesamelethargy,Iamafraid,characterizestheuseofallourfacultiesandsenses.Onlythedeafappreciatehearing,onlytheblindrealizethemanifoldblessingsthatlieinsight.Particularlydoesthisobservationapplytothosewhohavelostsightandhearinginadultlife.Butthosewhohaveneversufferedimpairmentofsightorhearingseldommakethefullestuseoftheseblessedfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsoundshazily,withoutconcentrationandwithlittleappreciation.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.

Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.

我们大家都读过一些令人激动的故事,这些故事里的主人公仅仅活在有限并且特定的时间内,有时长达一年,有时短到24小时。但我们总是有兴趣发现,那命中注定要死的是那些有选择自由的人,而不是那些活动范围被严格限定了的判了刑的犯人。

这样的故事让我们思考,在相似的情况下,我们该怎么办,作为终有一死的人,在那最终的几个小时内安排什么事件,什么经历,什么交往?在回顾往事时,我们该找到什么快乐?什么悔恨?

有时我想到,过好每一天是个非常好的习惯,似乎我们明天就会死去。这种态度鲜明地强调了生命的价值。我们应该以优雅、精力充沛、善知乐趣的方式过好每一天。而当岁月推移,在经常瞻观未来之时日、未来之年月中,这些又常常失去。当然,也有人愿按伊壁鸠鲁的信条“吃、喝和欢乐”去生活。(译注:伊壁鸠鲁是古希腊哲学家,他认为生活的主题目的是享乐,而最高的享受唯通过合理的生活,如自我控制才能得到。因为生活享受的目的被过分强调,而达此目的之手段被忽视,所以伊壁鸠鲁的信徒现今变为追求享乐的人。他们的信条是:“让我们吃喝,因为明天我们就死亡”),但绝大多数人还是被即将面临死亡的必然性所折磨。

在故事里,注定要死的主人公往往在最后一刻由某种命运的突变而得救,但几乎总是他的价值观被改变了。他们对生活的意义和它永恒的精神价值变得更具欣赏力了。常常看到那些生活或已生活在死亡的阴影之中的人们都赋予他们所做的每件事以芳醇甜美。

但是,我们大多数人把生活认为是理所当然的。我们知道,某一天我们一定会死,但通常我们把那天想象在遥远的将来。当我们心宽体健时,死亡几乎是不可想象的,我们很少想到它。时日在无穷的展望中延展着,于是我们干着琐碎的事情,几乎意识不到我们对生活的倦怠态度。

恐怕,同样的懒散也成为利用我们所有的本能和感觉的特点。只有聋子才珍惜听力,唯有瞎子才体会到能看见事物的种种幸福,这种结论特别适合于那些在成年阶段失去视力和听力的人们,而那些从没有遭受视觉或听觉损伤之苦的人却很少充分利用这些天赐的官能。他

们模模糊糊地眼观八方,耳听各音,毫无重点,不会鉴赏,还是那相同的老话,对我们所有的官能不知珍惜,直至失去它,对我们的健康意识不到,直至生病时。

我常常想,如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间致瞎致聋,那会是一种幸事,黑暗会使他更珍惜视力,寂静会教导他享受声音。

第三篇:panionshipofBooks以书为伴(节选)

Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythepanyhekeeps;forthereisapanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen;andoneshouldalwaysliveinthebestpany,whetheritbeofbooksorofmen.

Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulofpanions.Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusintimesofadversityordistress.Italwaysreceivesuswiththesamekindness;amusingandinstructingusinyouth,andfortingandconsolingusinage.

Menoftendiscovertheiraffinitytoeachotherbythemutuallovetheyhaveforabookjustastwopersonssometimesdiscoverafriendbytheadmirationwhichbothentertainforathird.Thereisanoldproverb,„Loveme,lovemydog.”Butthereismorewisdominthis:”Loveme,lovemybook.”Thebookisatruerandhigherbondofunion.Mencanthink,feel,andsympathizewitheachotherthroughtheirfavoriteauthor.Theyliveinhimtogether,andheinthem.

Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthatlifecouldthinkout;fortheworldofaman‟slifeis,forthemostpart,buttheworldofhisthoughts.Thusthebestbooksaretreasuriesofgoodwords,thegoldenthoughts,which,rememberedandcherished,beeourconstantpanionsandforters.

Bookspossessanessenceofimmortality.Theyarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumaneffort.Templesandstatuesdecay,butbookssurvive.Timeisofnoaountwithgreatthoughts,whichareasfreshtodayaswhentheyfirstpassedthroughtheirauthor‟sminds,agesago.Whatwasthensaidandthoughtstillspeakstousasvividlyaseverfromtheprintedpage.Theonlyeffectoftimehavebeentosiftoutthebadproducts;fornothinginliteraturecanlongsurviveebutwhatisreallygood.

Booksintroduceusintothebestsociety;theybringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindsthathaveeverlived.Wehearwhattheysaidanddid;weseetheasiftheywerereallyalive;wesympathizewiththem,enjoywiththem,grievewiththem;theirexperiencebeesours,andwefeelasifwewereinameasureactorswiththeminthesceneswhichtheydescribe.

Thegreatandgooddonotdie,eveninthisworld.Embalmedinbooks,theirspiritswalkabroad.Thebookisalivingvoice.Itisanintellecttowhichonstilllistens.

以书为伴

通常看一个读些什么书就可知道他的为人,就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样,因为有人以人为伴,也有人以书为伴。无论是书友还是朋友,我们都应该以最好的为伴。好书就像是你最好的朋友。它始终不渝,过去如此,现在如此,将来也永远不变。它是最有耐心,最令人愉悦的伴侣。在我们穷愁潦倒,临危遭难时,它也不会抛弃我们,对我们总是一如既往地亲切。在我们年轻时,好书陶冶我们的性情,增长我们的知识;到我们年老时,它又给我们以慰藉和勉励。

人们常常因为喜欢同一本书而结为知已,就像有时两个人因为敬慕同一个人而成为朋友一样。有句古谚说道:“爱屋及屋。”其实“爱我及书”这句话蕴涵更多的哲理。书是更为真诚而高尚的情谊纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作家沟通思想,交流感情,彼此息息相通,并与自己喜欢的作家思想相通,情感相融。

好书常如最精美的宝器,珍藏着人生的思想的精华,因为人生的境界主要就在于其思想的境界。因此,最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库,这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视,就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。

书籍具有不朽的本质,是为人类努力创造的最为持久的成果。寺庙会倒坍,神像会朽烂,而书却经久长存。对于伟大的思想来说,时间是无关紧要的。多年前初次闪现于作者脑海的伟大思想今日依然清新如故。时间惟一的作用是淘汰不好的作品,因为只有真正的佳作才能经世长存。

书籍介绍我们与最优秀的人为伍,使我们置身于历代伟人巨匠之间,如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人,同他们情感交融,悲喜与共,感同身受。我们觉得自己仿佛在作者所描绘的舞台上和他们一起粉墨登场。

即使在人世间,伟大杰出的人物也永生不来。他们的精神被载入书册,传于四海。书是人生至今仍在聆听的智慧之声,永远充满着活力。

第四篇:IfIRest,IRust如果我休息,我就会生锈

Thesignificantinscriptionfoundonanoldkey---“IfIrest,Irust”---wouldbeanexcellentmottoforthosewhoareafflictedwiththeslightestbitofidleness.Eventhemostindustriouspersonmightadoptitwithadvantagetoserveasareminderthat,ifoneallowshisfacultiestorest,liketheironintheunusedkey,theywillsoonshowsignsofrustand,ultimately,cannotdotheworkrequiredofthem.

Thosewhowouldattaintheheightsreachedandkeptbygreatmenmustkeeptheirfacultiespolishedbyconstantuse,sothattheymayunlockthedoorsofknowledge,thegatethatguardtheentrancestotheprofessions,toscience,art,literature,agriculture---everydepartmentofhumanendeavor.

Industrykeepsbrightthekeythatopensthetreasuryofachievement.IfHughMiller,aftertoilingalldayinaquarry,haddevotedhiseveningstorestandrecreation,hewouldneverhavebeeafamousgeologist.Thecelebratedmathematician,EdmundStone,wouldneverhavepublishedamathematicaldictionary,neverhavefoundthekeytoscienceofmathematics,ifhehadgivenhissparemomentstoidleness,hadthelittleScotchlad,Ferguson,allowedthebusybraintogotosleepwhilehetendedsheeponthehillsideinsteadofcalculatingthepositionofthestarsbyastringofbeads,hewouldneverhavebeeafamousastronomer.

Laborvanquishesall---notinconstant,spasmodic,orill-directedlabor;butfaithful,unremitting,dailyefforttowardawell-directedpurpose.Justastrulyaseternalvigilanceisthepriceofliberty,soiseternalindustrythepriceofnobleandenduringsuess.

如果我休息,我就会生锈

在一把旧钥匙上发现了一则意义深远的铭文——如果我休息,我就会生锈。对于那些懒散而烦恼的人来说,这将是至理名言。甚至最为勤勉的人也以此作为警示:如果一个人有才能而不用,就像废弃钥匙上的铁一样,这些才能就会很快生锈,并最终无法完成安排给自己的工

作。

有些人想取得伟人所获得并保持的成就,他们就必须不断运用自身才能,以便开启知识的大门,即那些通往人类努力探求的各个领域的大门,这些领域包括各种职业:科学,艺术,文学,农业等。

勤奋使开启成功宝库的钥匙保持光亮。如果休•米勒在采石场劳作一天后,晚上的时光用来休息消遣的话,他就不会成为名垂青史的地质学家。著名数学家爱德蒙•斯通如果闲暇时无所事事,就不会出版数学词典,也不会发现开启数学之门的钥匙。如果苏格兰青年弗格森在山坡上放羊时,让他那思维活跃的大脑处于休息状态,而不是借助一串珠子计算星星的位置,他就不会成为著名的天文学家。

劳动征服一切。这里所指的劳动不是断断续续的,间歇性的或方向偏差的劳动,而是坚定的,不懈的,方向正确的每日劳动。正如要想拥有自由就要时刻保持警惕一样,要想取得伟大的,持久的成功,就必须坚持不懈地努力。

第五篇

Ambition

Itisnotdifficulttoimagineaworldshortofambition.Itwouldprobablybeakinderworld:withoutdemands,withoutabrasions,withoutdisappointments.Peoplewouldhavetimeforreflection.Suchworkastheydidwouldnotbeforthemselvesbutforthecollectivity.petitionwouldneverenterin.conflictwouldbeeliminated,tensionbeeathingofthepast.Thestressofcreationwouldbeatanend.Artwouldnolongerbetroubling,butpurelycelebratoryinitsfunctions.Longevitywouldbeincreased,forfewerpeoplewoulddieofheartattackorstrokecausedbytumultuousendeavor.Anxietywouldbeextinct.Timewouldstretchonandon,withambitionlongdepartedfromthehumanheart.

Ah,howunrelievedboringlifewouldbe!

Thereisastrongviewthatholdsthatsuessisamyth,andambitionthereforeasham.Doesthismeanthatsuessdoesnotreallyexist?Thatachievementisatbottomempty?Thattheeffortsofmenandwomenareofnosignificancealongsidetheforceofmovementsandeventsnownotallsuess,obviously,isworthesteeming,norallambitionworthcultivating.Whichareandwhicharenotissomethingonesoonenoughlearnsonone‟sown.Buteventhemostcynicalsecretlyadmitthatsuessexists;thatachievementcountsforagreatdeal;andthatthetruemythisthattheactionsofmenandwomenareuseless.Tobelieveotherwiseistotakeonapointofviewthatislikelytobederanging.Itis,initsimplications,toremoveallmotivesforpetence,interestinattainment,andregardforposterity.

Wedonotchoosetobeborn.Wedonotchooseourparents.Wedonotchooseourhistoricalepoch,thecountryofourbirth,ortheimmediatecircumstancesofourupbringing.Wedonot,mostofus,choosetodie;nordowechoosethetimeorconditionsofourdeath.Butwithinallthisrealmofchoicelessness,wedochoosehowweshalllive:courageouslyorincowardice,honorablyordishonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecidewhatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Wedecidethatwhatmakesussignificantiseitherwhatwedoorwhatwerefusetodo.Butnomatterhowindifferenttheuniversemaybetoourchoicesanddecisions,thesechoicesanddecisionsareourstomake.Wedecide.Wechoose.Andaswedecideandchoose,soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

抱负

一个缺乏抱负的世界将会怎样,这不难想象。或许,这将是一个更为友善的世界:没有渴求,

篇三:《晨读励志小文章》

晨读励志小文章——ByAndy

Iknowonlyharshtrainingcanbringout

myfullpotential!

我知道只有艰苦的训练才能激发我所有

的潜能!

Strugglewillshapemycharacter!

奋斗塑造我的性格!

SoImustsuffer!

所以我必须吃苦!

Imustpaytheprice!

我必须付出代价!

Imustembracealldoubtsandfears!我必须接受所有的怀疑和恐惧!

Iwant

我想

Iwanttobeaninternationalsuess!

我想成为国际成功典范!

篇四:《晨读文章》

01TheLanguageofMusic

Apainterhangshisorherfinishedpicturesonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.A

poserwritesawork,butnoonecanhearituntilitisperformed.Professionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities,fortheposerisutterly(完全)dependentonthem.Astudentofmusieedsaslongandasarduous(费力的,辛勤的)atrainingtobeeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobeeadoctor.Mosttrainingisconcernedwithtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscular(肌肉发达的)

proficiency(熟练)ofanathleteoraballetdancer.Singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchords(声韧带)wouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.Stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandfro(往复的)withtherightarm—twoentirelydifferentmovements.

Singersandinstrumentshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.Pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner’sresponsibilitytotuheinstrumentforthem.Buttheyhavetheirown

difficulties;thehammersthathitthestringhavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.

Thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisohatconfrontsstudentconductors:theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundwithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.

Techniqueisofnouseunlessitisbinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.Greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.

02SchoolingandEducation

ItismonlybelievedinUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetan

education.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshowerorinthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,

then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andohatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobe

learned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattherenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheirmunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

03TheDefinitionof―Price‖

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaplexworkposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professional,transportation,andpublic-utilityservices.The

interrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe―system‖ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,plicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine―price‖,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductor

serviceor,inotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Forapleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbe

familiarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,return

privileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatprisethetotal―package‖beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

04Electricity

Themodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclights,radio,

televisions,andtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailure,peoplegropeaboutinflickeringcandlelight,carshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethem,andfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators.

Yet,peoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity.

Alllivingcellsendouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeats,itsendsoutpulsesofrecord;theyformanelectrocardiogram,whichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebrain,too,sendsoutbrainwavesofelectricity,whichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall–oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimals,certainmusclecellshavebeesospecializedaselectrical

generatorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellarelinkedtogether,theeffectscanbeastonishing.

Theelectriceelisanamazingstoragebattery.Itcanseedajoltofasmuchaseight

hundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlive.(Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.)Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedfeneratingelectricity,andthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytolengthofitsbody.

05TheBeginningofDrama

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonmostwidelyaeptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld-eventheseasonalchanges-asunpredictable,andtheysoughtthroughvariousmeanstocontroltheseunknownandfearedpowers.Thosemeasureswhich

appearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassedsomeritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalways

used,Furthermore,asuitablesi